The medical definition of addiction can vary slightly depending on the specific context, but in general, addiction is a complex condition characterized by compulsive and repetitive engagement in a substance or behavior despite negative consequences. It is considered a chronic brain disorder that affects the reward, motivation, and memory functions of the brain.
One widely used definition of addiction comes from the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), which states:
"Addiction is a primary, chronic disease of brain reward, motivation, memory, and related circuitry. Dysfunction in these circuits leads to characteristic biological, psychological, social, and spiritual manifestations. This is reflected in an individual pathologically pursuing reward and/or relief by substance use and other behaviors."
Regarding alcohol consumption, yes, a person who drinks alcohol every day can indeed be addicted to it. The medical term for alcohol addiction is alcohol use disorder (AUD). This condition is characterized by an inability to control alcohol consumption despite negative consequences on one's physical health, mental well-being, social life, and relationships.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association, provides criteria for diagnosing alcohol use disorder. It includes symptoms like:
- Drinking more or for a longer time than intended.
- Unsuccessful attempts to cut down or control drinking.
- Spending a lot of time obtaining, using, or recovering from alcohol.
- Craving or a strong desire to drink.
- Continuing to drink despite it causing problems in relationships or at work/school.
- Giving up or reducing important social, occupational, or recreational activities because of alcohol use.
- Drinking despite it being physically hazardous.
The severity of AUD is determined by the number of symptoms present: mild (2-3 symptoms), moderate (4-5 symptoms), or severe (6 or more symptoms). If someone meets two or more of these criteria within a year, they would likely be diagnosed with alcohol use disorder.
It's important to note that addiction is a treatable condition, and seeking help from healthcare professionals, support groups, or addiction treatment programs can lead to successful recovery. If you or someone you know is struggling with alcohol or substance use, it is crucial to seek help and support as soon as possible.