The term "alcoholic" is often used to describe someone who has a chronic and potentially severe dependence on alcohol. Whether or not a person who previously struggled with alcoholism can still be considered an alcoholic after being sober for a significant period is a matter of interpretation and perspective.
In the context of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and other 12-step programs, individuals may refer to themselves as "recovering alcoholics" even if they have been sober for many years. This language emphasizes the ongoing nature of their recovery journey and serves as a reminder that the potential for relapse can persist.
From a medical standpoint, the term "alcoholic" is sometimes used to describe a person with alcohol use disorder (AUD), which is a diagnosable medical condition. According to the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition), AUD is characterized by an impaired ability to stop or control alcohol use despite negative consequences. A person may be diagnosed with mild, moderate, or severe AUD, depending on the number of criteria they meet.
If an individual with a history of AUD has been sober for an extended period, they may no longer meet the criteria for AUD. However, it's important to recognize that the risk of relapse can persist, and maintaining sobriety often requires ongoing effort, support, and awareness.
In summary, whether someone who has been sober for a significant period is still considered an "alcoholic" can depend on the context and how one defines the term. Some individuals in recovery choose to identify as "recovering alcoholics" to acknowledge their ongoing commitment to sobriety and to maintain a sense of humility and vigilance. Others may prefer different terminology or consider themselves fully recovered from their past struggles with alcoholism. Ultimately, the most important aspect is that the person remains committed to their sobriety and continues to prioritize their physical and mental well-being.