Anorexia nervosa is a complex and serious eating disorder characterized by a significantly restricted food intake, fear of gaining weight, and a distorted body image. It involves more than just the number of calories consumed; it also includes psychological and behavioral aspects.
A person can be at risk of or diagnosed with anorexia nervosa if they exhibit the following criteria, according to the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition):
Restriction of energy intake: The person consistently eats significantly less food than what is considered normal for their age, gender, developmental trajectory, and physical health. A daily intake of 1000 calories might be inadequate for many individuals, but it's important to consider individual differences and factors like height, weight, and activity level.
Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat: People with anorexia nervosa have an irrational fear of weight gain, even if they are underweight. They may perceive themselves as overweight, even when they are severely underweight.
Disturbance in the way one's body weight or shape is experienced: Individuals with anorexia nervosa often have a distorted body image, believing they are larger than they actually are.
Absence of adequate efforts to prevent weight gain: They may engage in behaviors like excessive exercise, vomiting, or using laxatives to control their weight.
It's important to remember that diagnosing an eating disorder requires a comprehensive assessment by a qualified healthcare professional, typically a mental health specialist or a physician. They will consider the person's physical health, mental well-being, and patterns of behavior to make an accurate diagnosis.
If you or someone you know is struggling with disordered eating patterns or concerns about body image, it's crucial to seek professional help as soon as possible. Eating disorders are serious and can have severe consequences on a person's health, both physically and mentally. Early intervention and appropriate treatment are essential for recovery.