Psychotic disorders are a group of mental illnesses characterized by the presence of psychosis, which refers to a loss of touch with reality. People experiencing psychosis may have delusions (false beliefs) and hallucinations (seeing, hearing, or sensing things that aren't there). Some of the main psychotic disorders include:
Schizophrenia: This is one of the most well-known psychotic disorders. It involves a range of symptoms, including hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, disorganized or abnormal motor behavior, and negative symptoms (reduced emotional expression or motivation). Schizophrenia typically emerges in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Schizoaffective disorder: This disorder combines symptoms of schizophrenia and mood disorders, such as major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder. Individuals with schizoaffective disorder experience psychotic symptoms alongside significant mood disturbances.
Delusional disorder: As mentioned earlier, this disorder is characterized by the presence of delusions without significant disruptions in other aspects of thinking, emotions, or behavior. The delusions are non-bizarre and could be possible in real-life situations, but they are not based on reality.
Brief psychotic disorder: This disorder involves the sudden onset of psychotic symptoms, such as hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, or grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior. The symptoms last for a short period, typically less than a month, and may occur in response to a stressful life event.
Schizophreniform disorder: Similar to schizophrenia, this disorder involves psychotic symptoms lasting at least one month but less than six months. If the symptoms persist beyond six months, the diagnosis may change to schizophrenia.
Substance-induced psychotic disorder: The use of certain substances, such as alcohol, hallucinogens, or stimulants, can lead to the development of temporary psychotic symptoms. Once the substance is cleared from the body, the psychosis typically resolves.
Psychotic depression: Also known as major depressive disorder with psychotic features, this condition involves the presence of depressive symptoms along with psychotic features like hallucinations or delusions.
It's important to remember that experiencing psychosis does not automatically mean someone has a psychotic disorder. Psychosis can also occur in conditions like bipolar disorder, severe depression, certain medical conditions, or as a reaction to drugs or medications. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential for managing psychotic disorders effectively. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of psychosis, it is crucial to seek professional help from a mental health provider.