The classification of degrees into STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) and non-STEM fields is based on the academic disciplines' focus and methodologies. Here are the main reasons why a degree in neuroscience is considered a STEM major while degrees in psychology or sociology typically are not:
Scientific Foundation: Neuroscience is firmly rooted in the scientific method and draws heavily from biology, chemistry, and physics. It explores the structure and function of the nervous system at various levels, including molecular, cellular, and behavioral. The emphasis on scientific principles, research methods, and empirical data makes it a clear fit within the STEM category.
Quantitative and Analytical Skills: Neuroscience degrees often require a strong foundation in mathematics, statistics, and data analysis. The ability to analyze complex data sets and use quantitative methods to understand brain function and behavior is a fundamental aspect of neuroscience education.
Laboratory and Experimental Work: Neuroscience programs often involve laboratory work, experiments, and research projects to study the brain's mechanisms and processes. Students engage in hands-on scientific research, which is characteristic of STEM fields.
Interdisciplinary Nature: While neuroscience is its own discipline, it incorporates aspects of biology, biochemistry, physiology, and even computer science (e.g., computational neuroscience). This interdisciplinary nature further aligns it with STEM fields, which often integrate knowledge from multiple scientific domains.
On the other hand, psychology and sociology, while being valuable social sciences, tend to be categorized differently due to their unique characteristics:
Social Sciences Emphasis: Psychology and sociology are primarily focused on understanding human behavior, cognition, social interactions, and societal structures. Their methodologies may involve qualitative research, surveys, interviews, and observation rather than the quantitative and experimental methods often found in STEM fields.
Broader Perspective: Psychology and sociology study human behavior and societies in a more comprehensive and holistic manner, encompassing cultural, historical, and sociopolitical aspects. These fields analyze patterns, trends, and social dynamics, with a focus on individual and collective experiences.
Theory and Application: Social sciences often emphasize theories and concepts to understand human behavior, mental processes, and social structures. While empirical research is important, the approach may be less focused on experimental lab work and more on understanding patterns and phenomena in the real world.
It's important to note that the distinction between STEM and non-STEM fields is not absolute, and there can be some overlap and variation in the classification depending on the specific courses and programs offered by different universities. Additionally, there are interdisciplinary fields and areas of research that bridge the gap between STEM and social sciences, further blurring the boundaries between these classifications.