During a panic attack, the body goes through a series of physiological responses as a result of the "fight-or-flight" response. One of the key components of this response is the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, which releases stress hormones such as adrenaline (epinephrine) and norepinephrine.
While these stress hormones cause certain reactions in the body, such as increased heart rate and elevated blood pressure, there can be some variations in individual responses. Some people may experience a different pattern during a panic attack, including low blood pressure (hypotension). Here's why low blood pressure may occur during a panic attack:
Vasodilation: The release of stress hormones can cause the blood vessels in the body to dilate (widen), which may lead to a drop in blood pressure. This vasodilation can occur more prominently in certain individuals, causing a greater decrease in blood pressure than the increase typically seen during a fight-or-flight response.
Breathing patterns: During a panic attack, many individuals experience rapid and shallow breathing (hyperventilation). This over-breathing can lead to a decrease in carbon dioxide levels in the blood (respiratory alkalosis). Low levels of carbon dioxide can further cause blood vessels to dilate and contribute to a drop in blood pressure.
Blood redistribution: In response to stress, blood may be redistributed in the body, prioritizing muscles and vital organs for a potential fight-or-flight response. This can lead to decreased blood flow to other areas, contributing to lower blood pressure.
Neurotransmitter imbalances: Panic attacks involve complex interactions between neurotransmitters in the brain. An imbalance in neurotransmitter levels may contribute to variations in blood pressure regulation.
It is essential to remember that the body's response to panic attacks can vary from person to person, and these changes in blood pressure are a part of the body's natural and complex response to stress. If you experience recurrent or severe panic attacks, it's crucial to consult a healthcare professional to discuss your symptoms and explore appropriate management strategies. They can help determine the underlying cause and offer guidance on how to cope with and prevent panic attacks effectively.