During a severe panic attack, some individuals may experience a phenomenon known as "tunnel vision" or "visual narrowing." This can cause a temporary loss of peripheral vision, making it feel like you are losing your vision. There are several reasons why this can happen:
Fight or flight response: During a panic attack, the body's "fight or flight" response is triggered, releasing stress hormones like adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones prepare the body to respond to perceived threats by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate. One effect of this response is the narrowing of blood vessels in the body, including those in the eyes. Reduced blood flow to the eyes can lead to temporary visual changes, including tunnel vision.
Hyperventilation: Panic attacks often involve rapid, shallow breathing (hyperventilation). Hyperventilation can lead to changes in blood gas levels, causing sensations like dizziness, lightheadedness, and changes in vision. Additionally, hyperventilation can trigger a response known as vasoconstriction, which is the narrowing of blood vessels, including those in the eyes.
Sensory overload: During a panic attack, your senses may become overwhelmed. The intense emotional and physical sensations can lead to sensory overload, making it difficult to process visual information properly.
Heightened anxiety: Anxiety itself can create a state of hyperawareness, causing you to become fixated on your body and its sensations. This hyperfocus on your physical state can make you more aware of changes in your vision.
It's important to note that while tunnel vision and visual changes can be disconcerting, they are generally harmless and typically resolve once the panic attack subsides. If you experience vision loss that persists or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, it's essential to seek medical attention to rule out any underlying medical conditions.
If you're experiencing frequent or severe panic attacks, it's advisable to consult with a mental health professional. They can help you explore coping strategies, identify triggers, and work on managing anxiety more effectively.